Learn PHP

<?php
$name    = "Alice";
$age     = 25;
$price   = 9.99;
$is_cool = true;

// echo — print to screen
echo "Hello, $name!\n";
echo "Age: $age\n";

// String concatenation with .
echo "Name: " . $name . " — Age: " . $age . "\n";

// var_dump — shows type AND value
var_dump($age);
var_dump($is_cool);
var_dump($price);

// printf — formatted output
printf("Price: R%.2f\n", $price);

Hello, Alice!
Age: 25
Name: Alice — Age: 25
int(25)
bool(true)
float(9.99)
Price: R9.99

<?php
// Indexed array
$fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "mango"];

foreach ($fruits as $fruit) {
    echo "- $fruit\n";
}

echo count($fruits) . " fruits total\n";

// Associative array (key => value)
$person = [
    "name"  => "Alice",
    "age"   => 25,
    "city"  => "Cape Town",
];

foreach ($person as $key => $value) {
    echo "$key: $value\n";
}

// array_map — transform every element
$doubled = array_map(fn($n) => $n * 2, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
echo implode(", ", $doubled) . "\n";

- apple
- banana
- cherry
- mango
4 fruits total
name: Alice
age: 25
city: Cape Town
2, 4, 6, 8, 10

<?php
class Animal {
    public string $name;
    private string $sound;

    public function __construct(string $name, string $sound) {
        $this->name  = $name;
        $this->sound = $sound;
    }

    public function speak(): string {
        return "$this->name says $this->sound!";
    }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
    public function __construct(string $name) {
        parent::__construct($name, "Woof");
    }

    public function fetch(string $item): string {
        return "$this->name fetches the $item!";
    }
}

$dog = new Dog("Buddy");
echo $dog->speak() . "\n";
echo $dog->fetch("ball") . "\n";
echo $dog->name . "\n";

Buddy says Woof!
Buddy fetches the ball!
Buddy